Drinking water contamination with poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) poses risks to the developmental, immune, metabolic, and endocrine health of consumers. The number of industrial sites that manufacture or use these compounds, the number of military fire training areas, and the number of wastewater treatment plants are all significant predictors of PFAS detection frequencies and concentrations in public water supplies. More:

• Environmental Science & Technology
• Study: At least 6 million at risk from PFOA chemical family

Head lice have become immune to most of the over-the-counter chemicals used to treat them, according to a new study. The study, published recently in the Journal of Medical Entomology, found insecticides such as permethrin – one of the most common treatments for head lice – used to be up to 100 per cent effective in killing the parasites when it was introduced in 1984. More:

• Head lice becoming resistant to common chemical treatments - The Sydney Morning Herald
• Expansion of the Knockdown Resistance Frequency Map for Human Head Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in theUnited States Using Quantitative Sequencing (Research article)

C8 Science Panel study suggests that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and sex hormones in young children. More:
Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Sex Hormones, and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 at 6–9 Years of Age: A Cross-Sectional Analysis within the C8 Health Project (Research article)

Collection of accurate and reliable data is a prerequisite for informed risk assessment and risk management. Both scientists carrying out risk assessments and decision-makers in Europe need up-to-date and comparable information across Member States on hazards found in the food chain and on food consumption. More:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

A study finds lower IQ (intelligence quotient) in children born to mothers who during their pregnancy were living in close proximity to chemical-intensive agricultural lands where organophosphate pesticides were used. More:

• Study Adds to Findings that Link Prenatal Pesticide Exposure to lower IQs - Beyond pesticides
• Prenatal Residential Proximity to Agricultural Pesticide Use and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children (Resarch article)

US chemicals giant DuPont must pay more than $5 million (£3.8 million) to an Ohio man whose testicular cancer has been linked to drinking water contaminated with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; C8) from a DuPont plant in West Virginia, a federal jury ruled on 6 July. More:
Chemistry World

A panel of epidemiologists, toxicologists, microbiologists and other scientists critiqued and then supported the National Toxicology Program's draft analysis that concluded perfluorooctanoic acid, more commonly known as PFOA, and perfluorooctane sulfonate, or PFOS, are presumed to be immune hazards to humans. More: 

• PFOA, PFOS Likely Hazardous to Immune System: Scientists - Bloomberg BNA
• Immunotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) or Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) - US National Toxicology Program

Scientists at the Environmental Protection Agency have found that the majority of chemicals in use today have not been sufficiently examined for human health toxicity or environmental exposure. A new chemical bill was signed providing the decades-old Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) with a much-needed retrofit. More:
Smithsonian.com

How do we determine if a chemical is an endocrine disruptor? With more than 100,000 chemicals on the global market, it is a tremendous challenge to identify those that might cause harm to humans or wildlife. Scientists encourage decision makers around the world to adopt a new chemical evaluation tool that could save lives and money.

• Commentary: Identifying the "bad actors"— new challenges for the evaluation of endocrine disrupting chemicals - EHN
• A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals (Scientific article)

As part of the Contaminants in the Urban Environment series, an informative article is published on Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), also known as perfluorochemicals (PFCs). The publication is intended to give a basic understanding of the occurrence, toxic effects, and source of various contaminants in the environment and a guidance on ways to protect human and environmental health. More:

• Contaminants in the Urban Environment: Perfluoroalkyl Substances - University of Florida/IFAS
• Contaminantes en el Medio Ambiente Urbano: Los Perfluoroalquilos (Spanish)

In a new report, dozens of scientists, health practitioners and children's health advocates are calling for renewed attention to the growing evidence that many common and widely available chemicals endanger neurodevelopment in fetuses and children of all ages. More:

• A host of common chemicals endanger child brain development - ScienceDaily
• Project TENDR: Targeting Environmental Neuro-Developmental Risks. The TENDR Consensus Statement (Scientific consensus statement)

Biomonitoring data of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in breast milk are increasingly collected and available for quantitative analysis of levels and time trends. Five recommendations are proposed for dealing with POP concentration trends in breast milk during three distinct periods (pre-ban, transition, post-ban period). More:
Recommendations for Evaluating Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Breast Milk (Research article)

Fluorinated compounds are everywhere. A bouquet of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), prized for their ability to repel both water and oils, have been used in diverse applications from non-stick frying pans to firefighting foams for decades. Yet they resist degradation, making them almost ubiquitous in the environment; and they tend to bioaccumulate in living creatures, raising health worries. More:
Chemistry World

Fish show high concentrations but since microplastics are mostly present in the stomach and intestines they are usually removed and consumers are not exposed to them. But in crustaceans and bivalve molluscs like oysters and mussels, you eat the digestive tract so there is some exposure there. Trophic transfer of POPs within the marine food webs has been reported to be associated with oceanic plastics and biomagnification of POPs has been found. More: 

• EFSA issues statement on microplastics and nanoplastics in food - New Food
• Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood (EFSA statement)

Weight-of-evidence (WoE) evaluation and systematic review (SR) are methods (developed in the fields of economics, law and medicine) to summarise, synthesise and interpret a body of evidence to draw conclusions, for example, the relationship between chemical exposure and adverse health effect. More: 

• Chemicals risk assessment: evidence-evaluation methods analysed for nine EU regulations - EC Science for Environment Policy
• Weight of evidence evaluation and systematic review in EU chemical risk assessment: Foundation is laid but guidance is needed (Research article)

Ocean pollution isn’t just a plastic problem. An alphabet soup of persistent organic pollutants—including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used as flame retardants, and more—are carried by the wind and rivers into the ocean. More:

• PCBs and other organic pollutants reach the deep ocean - Chemical & Engineering News
• Depth Profiles of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the North and Tropical Atlantic Ocean (Research article)

The ASEAN-Japan Chemical Safety Database (AJCSD) contains regulatory information on chemical substances which is directly provided by the governments of Japan and ASEAN member countries. Users are able to access the current status of certain regulated chemicals in the countries and lists of the regulated chemicals under the laws of such countries. The database also stores GHS classification results and sample safety data sheets as reference. More:

• ASEAN-Japan Chemical Safety Database Officially Launched - METI Japan
• ASEAN-Japan Chemical Safety Database

During tosca’s 40-year run only a little over 200 chemicals have been assessed out of roughly 85,000 chemical substances in its inventory. Currently, a new chemical has to be shown to pose an ‘unreasonable risk’ before more information can be requested. Making a call on the risk a chemical poses is difficult to do without more information, however. More: 

• Explainer: Toxic Substances Control Act - Chemistry World
• US chemical regulations finally updated - Chemistry World

These substances identified, which are in the Great Lakes because of human activities, are: hexabromocyclododecane, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls and short-chain chlorinated paraffins. More:

• Priority pollutants identified in the Great Lakes - Chemistry World
• Canada and the United States Designate First Set of Chemicals of Mutual Concern - Government of Canada

Agent Orange – named after the orange stripes on the barrels used to transport it – was used extensively by the US military to remove forest cover and destroy militia crops from 1962 to 1971 during the war. The mixture used was contaminated with a highly toxic dioxin called 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), formed as an unintended by-product during the 2,4,5-T manufacturing process when temperatures were too high. More:
Chemistry World